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IGCSE Physics Notes

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Published in: Physics
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THE SAMPLE NOTES WILL BE THE PRACTICE OF THE STUDENTS WHO WANTS TO REVISE THE CHAPTER DENSITY AND FORCES.

Helena F / Ampang

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Qualification: B.S. Hons. Chemical Engineering

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  1. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemyexams.co.uk/ 1.7 Energy, Work and Power Level Subject Exam Board Topic Sub Topic Booklet Time Allowed: Score: Percentage: Grade Boundaries: Question Paper IGCSE Physics (0625) Cambridge International Examinations(ClE) General Physics 1.7 Energy, Work and Power Question Paper 56 minutes /46 /100 c 45% D 35%
  2. 1 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW Energy is released in some nuclear reactions. Which nuclear reaction takes place in a nuclear power station, and which nuclear reaction takes place in the Sun? c D nuclear power station fission fission fusion fusion the Sun fission fusion fission fusion 2 A lorry of mass 4000 kg is travelling at a speed of 4.0m/s. A car has a mass of 1000 kg. The kinetic energy of the car is equal to the kinetic energy of the lorry. What is the speed of the car? A 2.0m/ s B 4.0m/s C 8.0m/s D 16.0m/s 3 A force acts on an object and causes the object to move a certain distance, in the same direction as the force. Which row represents a situation in which the largest amount of work is done on the object by the force? c force/ N 2.0 10.0 20.0 100.0 distance moved / m 40.0 2.0 6.0 1.0
  3. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A stone of mass m is held at rest in water. The stone is released and falls vertically a distance h. 4 The stone reaches a speed v. Some of the original energy of the stone is transferred to the water. As it falls, resistive forces cause the temperature of the water and stone to increase. Which expression gives the work done against the resistive forces? 000/0 A B C D 2 1 rnv mgh — mgh 2 1 mv 2 mgh + }rnv 5 Which energy resource does not derive its energy from the Sun? A B C D geothermal hydroelectric oil waves 6 Some processes are more efficient than others. Which expression gives the efficiency of a process? total energy output X total energy input useful energy output 1 000/0 X total energy input wasted energy output c 1 000/0 >< total energy input wasted energy output x 1000/0 useful energy output
  4. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW The diagram shows the energy used by a modern lamp. 7 1 000/0 100% x 1000/0 8 60W input of electrical power 12W of useful power output as light Which expression gives the efficiency of the lamp? 12 — x 1000/0 60 12 B X 48 48 c >< 60 48W of power wasted in heating surroundings 48 D 12 Three boxes each weigh IOON. A man lifts all the boxes together from the ground on to a shelf that is 1.5m above the ground. The man takes 2.0s to do this. boxes shelf 1.5m How much useful power does the man produce to lift the boxes? A 75W B 225W c now D 900W
  5. 9 10 11 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW The table gives four energy sources and states whether the energy of the source is derived from the Sun. Which row is correct? C source of energy geothermal oil water held behind a dam wind derived from the Sun yes no yes no A weight-lifter raises a 2000 N weight through a vertical height of 2.0m in 0.80 s. What useful power does he develop in doing this? A now B 3200W c 4000W D 5000W A wind turbine generates 54 kW of useful power from an input of 180 kW of wind power. Which calculation gives the percentage efficiency of the turbine? 54000 180000 x 100 180000 54000 x 100 54000 x 1 00 c 180000 180000 100 54000
  6. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW 12 A car has a mass of 1000kg and a momentum of 12000 kgm/s. What is its kinetic energy? A B c D 6kJ 12 kJ 72 kJ 144 kJ 13 A ball is dropped on to a hard surface and bounces. It does not bounce all the way back to where it started, and so has not regained all of its original gravitational potential energy. ball dropped from here ball bounces to here hard surface Which statement accounts for the loss of gravitational potential energy? A B C D Energy was destroyed as the ball hit the ground. Energy was destroyed as the ball travelled through the air. The chemical energy and elastic energy of the ball have increased. The internal (heat) energy of the ball and its surroundings has increased. 14 The Sun is the original source of energy for many of our energy resources. Which energy resource does not originate from the Sun? A B C D geothermal hydroelectric waves wind
  7. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A student measures the length of a spring. She then hangs different weights from the spring. She measures the length of the spring for each different weight. 15 16 17 The table shows her results. weight/ N 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 length/ mm 520 524 528 533 537 540 What is the extension of the spring when the weight hung from it is 3.0 N? A 4mm B 5mm C 12 mm D 13mm Which energy resource is used to generate electricity without using any moving parts? A B C D geothermal hydroelectric nuclear solar Which source of energy involves the splitting of heavy atoms? A B C D chemical energy geothermal energy hydroelectric energy nuclear energy
  8. 18 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X, without pedalling. The cyclist applies his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y. x hill Which energy changes have taken place between X and Y? A B C D 19 gravitational potential kinetic thermal (heat) gravitational potential thermal (heat) kinetic kinetic gravitational potential thermal (heat) kinetic thermal (heat) gravitational potential To calculate the power produced by a force, the size of the force must be known. else needs to be known to calculate the power? c the distance the force moves the object 'J x x the time for which the force acts on the object x x key needed X = not needed
  9. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW What needs to be known to calculate the work done by a force acting on an object? 20 21 22 the size of the force the distance the force moves the object the time for which the force acts A B C D key J = needed X = not needed Electrical energy may be obtained from nuclear fission. In which order is the energy transferred in this process? nuclear fuel generator reactor and boiler turbines nuclear fuel generator turbines reactor and boiler nuclear fuel reactor and boiler generator + turbines nuclear fuel reactor and boiler turbines generator A car is stationary at the top of a hill with the engine switched off. The brakes are released and the car rolls down the hill. At which labelled point does the car have the greatest kinetic energy? Ignore friction. o O D c
  10. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW Which row gives the energy change in a battery and the energy change in a solar cell? 23 24 A B c D battery chemical to electrical chemical to electrical electrical to chemical electrical to chemical solar cell electrical to light light to electrical electrical to light light to electrical A helicopter takes off from the ground and rises vertically. It then hovers at a constant height above the ground. Which sequence of energy changes takes place during the gain in height? A B C D chemical + gravitational potential + kinetic chemical + kinetic gravitational potential gravitational potential chemical + kinetic kinetic chemical gravitational potential
  11. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW Four people of equal weight on a beach use different routes to get to the top of a sea wall. 25 26 27 slipway beach Which person produces the greatest average power? person B c D route runs across the beach, then climbs the ladder walks across the beach, then climbs the ladder runs up the slipway walks up the slipway ladder sea wall time taken/ s 8 16 5 10 Which energy transfer takes place when a matchstick burns? A B C D chemical to thermal chemical to nuclear nuclear to chemical thermal to chemical Four cars are driven along a road. The table shows the work done by the engine in each car and the time taken by each car. Which engine produces the most power? B c D work done by en ine/J 50 000 50 100000 100000 time taken/s 20 40 20 40
  12. 28 29 30 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW In a hydroelectric power station, one form of energy is stored in a lake or reservoir. This energy is then transferred in stages to another useful form, which is the output. Which row gives the name of the stored energy and the name of the output energy? B c stored energy electrical electrical gravitational kinetic output energy thermal (heat) kinetic electrical electrical A certain machine is very efficient. What does this mean? A B C D It produces a large amount of power. It uses very little energy. It wastes very little energy. It works very quickly. Four cars are driven along a road. The table shows the work done by the engine in each car and the time taken by each car. Which engine produces the most power? c D work done by en ine/J 50 50000 100000 100000 time taken/ s 20 40 20 40
  13. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW The list contains three energy resources P, Q and R. 31 32 33 P Q R geothermal energy from hot rocks nuclear fission in reactors sunlight on solar panels Which of these resources are renewable? A B C D P and Q only P and R only Q and R only P, Q and R Which movement will require the greatest amount of work to be done? A B C D a force of ION moving an object a distance of 3.0 m a force of ION moving an object a distance of 5.0 m a force of 15N moving an object a distance of 3.0 m a force of 15N moving an object a distance of 5.0 m When a bicycle lamp is switched on, what is the useful energy change within the battery? A B C D chemical energy to electrical energy electrical energy to chemical energy electrical energy to light energy light energy to chemical energy
  14. 34 35 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A student does some work by pulling a suitcase along a corridor. She now pulls a second suitcase along the corridor. Which row indicates that the student is now doing twice as much work? c D the force used to pull suitcase is doubled is doubled stays the same stays the same the distance the suitcase is pulled is doubled is halved is doubled is halved A student adds weights to an elastic cord. He measures the length of the cord for each weight. He then plots a graph from the results, as shown. 1 O 2 3 4 weight/ N Which length has he plotted on the vertical axis? A B C D measured length original length (measured length — original length) (measured length + original length)
  15. 36 37 38 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A force F moves a load from the bottom of a slope to the top. p xo q The work done by the force depends on the size of the force, and on a distance. What is this distance? An aeroplane is landing. As it descends towards the runway, its speed reduces. What are the energy changes that take place during the descent? A B C D kinetic + gravitational thermal (heat) kinetic gravitational + thermal (heat) kinetic + thermal (heat) gravitational thermal (heat) + kinetic + gravitational Energy from uranium is transferred to electrical energy in a nuclear power station. What is the correct order of the stages of this process? A B C D boiler generator reactor turbine generator boiler turbine reactor reactor boiler turbine generator reactor turbine + boiler generator
  16. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW In which pair of energy sources are both sources renewable? 39 40 A B C D oil and coal oil and tidal tidal and geothermal tidal and nuclear fission An object on a thread is swinging between X and Z, as shown in the diagram. It is momentarily at rest at X and at Z. thread x z An incomplete word equation about the energy of the object is shown below. gravitational potential energy at X = kinetic energy + at Y . energy + energy losses at Y Which form of energy is needed to complete the word equation? A B C D chemical gravitational potential internal strain
  17. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW Electricity can be obtained from different energy resources. Which energy resource is used to obtain electricity without producing heat to boil water? 41 42 A B C D coal gas hydroelectric nuclear A ball is dropped on to a hard surface and bounces. It does not bounce all the way back to where it started, so it has less gravitational potential energy than when it started. ball dropped from here ball bounces to here hard surface What happens to the 'lost' energy? A B C D It is converted into chemical and strain energy. It is converted into internal (heat) energy and sound. It is destroyed as the ball rises upwards after hitting the ground. It is destroyed when the ball hits the ground.
  18. Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW Which row gives an example of the stated form of energy? 43 44 45 A B c form of energy gravitational internal kinetic strain example the energy due to the movement of a train along a level track the energy due to the flow of cathode rays in a cathode-ray tube the energy due to the position of a swimmer standing on a high diving board the energy due to the compression of springs in a car seat Which energy resource is used to generate electricity by first boiling water? A B C D hydroelectric nuclear fission tides waves Two farmers use an electrically powered elevator to lift bales of hay. All the bales of hay have the same mass. bale of hay As sunset approaches, they increase the speed of the motor so that more bales are lifted up in a given time. How does this affect the work done in lifting each bale and the useful output power of the motor? c work done in lifting each bale increases increases no change no change useful output power of the motor decreases increases decreases increases
  19. 46 Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visit us at www.savemvexams.co.uW A force F moves a load from the bottom of a slope to the top. p xo q The work done by the force depends on the size of the force, and on a distance. What is this distance? B q D

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